SSI vs. SSDI — What's the Difference?
When Emma's son, Jake, was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, she knew he would need lifelong support. Then she heard about Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) — two federal programs providing financial assistance to individuals with disabilities. Both are run by the Social Security Administration (SSA), but they serve different groups.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) provides financial assistance to individuals with disabilities, older adults, and those with limited income and resources. It is a needs-based program — eligibility is determined by income and assets, not work history.
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is for individuals who have worked and paid into Social Security but are now unable to work due to a disability. It is based on work history, not financial need.
Who Qualifies for SSI?
To qualify, a person must be disabled, blind, or age 65 or older; have limited income; have limited assets (generally no more than $2,000 for an individual or $3,000 for a couple, not including a primary home and one vehicle); and be a U.S. citizen or meet specific immigration requirements. For children with disabilities, eligibility is based on family income and resources.
Who Qualifies for SSDI?
SSDI is available to adults who have worked and paid into the Social Security system through payroll taxes. Eligibility requires a severe medical condition that prevents work for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death, meeting SSA's definition of disability, and having enough work credits. SSDI does not have income limits — it is based on work history.
How to Apply
Gather medical records, proof of income/resources (SSI), work history (SSDI), Social Security numbers, birth certificate, and proof of citizenship. Apply online at ssa.gov, by phone at 1-800-772-1213, or in person at a local Social Security office. The SSA will review medical eligibility, financial eligibility (SSI), and work history (SSDI) — this process can take several months.
What If You're Denied?
Many first-time applicants receive a denial — even those who qualify. Don't give up. Request a Reconsideration asking Social Security to review the case again. If denied again, request a Hearing with an administrative law judge. Many applicants win their cases on appeal with the right documentation. Consider working with a disability attorney who specializes in SSI/SSDI appeals.
Once approved, SSI and SSDI beneficiaries receive monthly payments to help with living expenses. SSI eligibility is reviewed regularly; SSDI may include periodic medical reviews to confirm continued disability. Start the process at ssa.gov or contact a local Social Security office.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between SSI and SSDI?
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a needs-based program for low-income individuals who are aged, blind, or disabled, regardless of work history. Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is for those who have worked and paid Social Security taxes and are now considered disabled.
Can someone receive both SSI and SSDI benefits?
Yes, an individual can receive both SSI and SSDI benefits (concurrent benefits). This typically occurs when an individual receives a low SSDI payment and also meets the strict income and resource limits for SSI.
Does receiving SSI or SSDI affect eligibility for Florida APD services?
Qualifying for SSI often automatically qualifies individuals for Medicaid in Florida. For APD services, separate eligibility criteria focusing on the developmental disability itself must be met, although financial aspects are considered for waiver services.